The Spanish government acknowledges that identifying the responsible parties for the nationwide blackout that occurred on April 30, 2025, will take considerable time.

The Vice Presidency of Ecological Transition has begun to compile information from various energy companies, including Red Eléctrica (REE), which is responsible for electricity transport, and numerous private operators involved in energy generation and distribution.

However, the vast amount of data collected has yet to clarify the cause of the blackout, prompting a request for additional information from these entities.

The government perceives a reluctance on the part of companies to clarify responsibility, with significant financial stakes involved based on the outcomes of any liability determinations.

Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez is scheduled to address the crisis in a session at the Congress on May 7, 2025, although it remains unlikely that he will be able to provide exact details on what caused the failure or who may be accountable.

The government has had a history of conflicts with electric companies and recognizes their considerable influence, which has led them to enlist the help of national intelligence services, competition regulators, and the National Security Council to investigate the incident.

At this stage, various scenarios remain under consideration, although REE has dismissed the possibility of a cyberattack as the cause.

Reports indicate that claims are already being filed by affected companies against the operators, with potential costs amounting to millions.

The executive has refrained from speculating on possible causes and keeps all options open, recognizing that liabilities may be shared between REE, which has a 20% public stake, and private operators.

Key questions that remain unanswered include why energy generation fell abruptly and why the electrical system failed to isolate the incident, resulting in a nationwide outage.

Technicians have reported two significant power flow oscillations in southwestern Spain; the first was managed, but the second, occurring just a second and a half later, led to a cascading failure of electricity generation.

This failure to manage oscillations, crucial for maintaining stability in the power supply, raises concerns about procedural compliance among operators and the effectiveness of REE's isolation protocols.

An investigation is underway to determine the origin of the incident and why the electrical system did not prevent its extension across the entire peninsula.

The technical intricacies complicate political communication, especially given the lack of a specific culprit.

The government is aware that this ambiguity can lead to speculation and distrust among the public.

In addition, the Spanish government has requested the European Commission to expedite its own investigation into the blackout, which may take three to six months to complete.

During this period, the political landscape is expected to evolve quickly, with increasing pressure mounting around energy policies, particularly with growing discussions about the future of nuclear power in Spain.

While the current administration defends the preparedness of the energy system for a dominant renewable energy model, it anticipates potential announcements for improvements following the resolution of the investigation.